The pro-regime Pa-O National Army (PNA) has ramped up forced civilian recruitment for militia groups in areas it controls in southern Shan State following the junta’s activation of national conscription. A resident of Hsi Hseng Township, which is in PNA territory, said forcible recruitment by the armed group has increased since the junta enforced the People’s Military Service Law on February 10. The PNA and its leader Aung Kham Hti signed a ceasefire deal with the previous military regime and transformed into a political party with a militia responsible for governing the Pa-O self-administered zone, comprising Hopong, Hsi Hseng and Panlong townships. Aung Kham Hti is close to former dictator Than Shwe and current junta boss Min Aung Hlaing. A Hsi Hseng resident said the PNA is forcibly recruiting around five civilians per 100 residents of villages in areas under its control. But unlike the junta’s military service law, which covers all men aged 18 to 45 and all women aged 18 to 35, the PNA has set no age range for recruits, the resident added. In Aung Kham Hti’s home village of Kyauk Ta Lone, young civilian recruits are reportedly granted leave to care for sick elderly relatives – but only if they find a replacement or pay a fee. Read more at:
EXTRICATING NDONESIAN CHILDREN FROM ISIS INFLUENCE ABROAD
Indonesia urgently needs to revisit the possibility of repatriating the neediest of its young citizens stranded abroad, whose families had earlier joined ISIS. Most of these children are in camps in northern Syria but there are also small numbers in the Philippines, Afghanistan and Iraq. “Extricating Indonesian Children from ISIS Influence Abroad”, the latest report from the Institute for Policy Analysis of Conflict (IPAC) argues that the government could begin by bringing back small groups of unaccompanied children under ten years of age, who pose minimal security risk and are most vulnerable to deteriorating conditions in the camps.“The problem is that health and security conditions are worsening by the day in the Syrian camps, and the children are growing older,” says Dyah Kartika, IPAC analyst. “They need access to schools, a nurturing environment, and medical attention. If the government waits too long, the children will be further exposed to ISIS ideology.” The new report examines a 2019 list of Indonesians in camps and prisons run by the Kurdish Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF). The Indonesian government has been trying to verify their citizenship, but with pseudonyms, misspellings and bad transliterations, it is a daunting task. At the time the data was collected, between March and June 2019, there were 555 Indonesians in SDF camps and prisons, including 367 children. Among the children, approximately 277 were under the age of ten and 34 were unaccompanied. In June 2021, there are fewer than ten children who are both unaccompanied and under the age of ten that could be prioritized for return. Bringing back children of ISIS families is no easy task. The report analyses the main challenges faced by the Indonesian government. These include definitional issues, bureaucratic competition, the difficulty of verifying nationality, evaluating the toll of exposure to conflict, assessing security risk, and finding relatives or others willing to provide care once the children are returned. In addition, COVID has meant stringent restrictions on travel, placing further obstacles in the way of repatriation. There are several models for rehabilitation of children exposed to violent extremism in Indonesia that could be modified to accommodate the needs of children repatriated from abroad. The report examines these models and argues that the government does not need to have every detail of rehabilitation programs in place before it starts extricating children from ISIS influence. It can start by bringing back the most vulnerable children and then modify programs as needed.
“It’s important that the government see these children as victims” says Dyah. “They deserve a chance to be children again.”
